Low-dimensional polynuclear complexes and high-spin molecules: towards molecular magnets

نویسنده

  • Joan Ribas
چکیده

Coordination chemistry allows the synthesis of new molecules which show cooperative magnetic phenomena, behaving like magnets. Two main ways of synthesizing these systems have been developed: a) low-dimensional complexes (1-D or 2-D) which are linked in the crystal net and so give ferromagnetic long-range order and b) isolated molecules with high-spin ground state and strong anisotropy, which have a long relaxation time. Two different series of molecular magnets were prepared and characterized, following these approaches: a) The pseudohalide ligands (azido, thiocyanato and selenocyanato) are good bridging ligands which give easily tunable magnetic interactions between paramagnetic metal ions like CuII, NiII or MnII. With CuII and NiII these compounds are rarely studied outside the field of molecular magnetism and they do not give rise to molecular magnets. Nevertheless they allow magneto-structural correlations to be studied in greater depth. In contrast, MnII ion with azido and pyridine-derivative ligands easily gives one– or two-dimensional systems with long-range order at low temperature, owing to canting phenomena which show cooperative ferromagnetism. They are, thus, molecular magnets. b) New oxo-bridged manganese carboxylate chemistry was also developed. We focused our attention on dodecamanganese(III,IV) of general formula [Mn12O12(2-Xbenzoato)16(H2O)4] (X = F, Cl, Br, Me). These new complexes were compared with their acetato and benzoato analogues. They are all superparamagnetic molecules, with high-spin ground state (close to ST = 10) and strong anisotropy, which gives a hysteresis loop and blocking temperature close to 4K. The most particular feature is the presense of a non-zero out-ofphase (imaginary) component in their ac susceptibility performed in zero field. The maximum in this imaginary component is frequencydependent, indicating superparamagnetic behavior. Thus, these Mn12 complexes have a property rarely associated with small molecular species: they also are molecular magnets. Resum La química de coordinació pot donar lloc a noves molècules que presenten fenòmens magnètics cooperatius i es comporten com a imants. S’han pogut desenvolupar dues vies per sintetitzar aquests sistemes: a) complexos de baixa dimensionalitat (1-D o 2-D) units en el cristall de tal manera que donen ferromagnetisme tridimensional i b) molècules aïllades amb estat fonamental de spín elevat i alta anisotropia, la qual cosa origina temps de relaxació llargs. Amb aquestes perspectives, s’han preparat i caracteritzat dues sèries diferents d’imants moleculars: a) Els lligands pseudohalur (azidur, tiocianat i selenocianat) són bons lligands pont que donen interaccions magnètiques fàcilment modulables entre ions metàl·lics com CuII, NiII i MnII. Amb CuII i NiII, aquestes interaccions rarament van més enllà del magnetisme molecular, i no donen lloc a imants moleculars. Es tracta d’espècies interessants perquè permeten aprofundir en el camp de les relacions magnetoestructurals. En canvi, amb MnII, el lligand pont azidur, junt amb la presència de lligands bloquejants derivats de la piridina, dóna fàcilment sistemes monoo bidimensionals que presenten ordenament magnètic a llarga distància, a causa de fenòmens de «canting magnètic». Es tracta, doncs, de veritables imants moleculars. b) També s’ha desenvolupat la química de nous carboxilats de manganès amb pont oxo. La nostra atenció s’ha centrat especialment en la sèrie dels dodecamanganesos (III,IV) de fórmula [Mn12O12(2-Xbenzoato)16(H2O)4] (X = F, Cl, Br, Me). Els nous complexos s’han comparat amb els acetato i benzoato ja descrits. Tots ells son espècies superparamagnètiques amb un estat fonamental de spín molt elevat (ST = 10) i alta anisotropia, que presenten cicle d’histèresi i temperatura de bloqueig magnètic prop de 4 K. Llur característica més important i peculiar és la presència d’un component imaginari (out-of-phase) en les mesures de susceptibilitat ac. El màxim d’aquest component imaginari depèn de la temperatura, la qual cosa indica precisament el caràcter superparamagnètic. Per tant, aquestes molècules Mn12 presenten propietats rarament associades a les petites molècules: són realment imants moleculars. * Author for correspondence: Joan Ribas i Gispert, Departament de Química Inorgànica. Universitat de Barcelona. Av. Diagonal, 647. 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia (Spain). Tel. 34 93 402 12 64, Fax: 34 93 490 77 25, Email: [email protected]

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تاریخ انتشار 2000